NARRATION

 Narration

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Sentence Type	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech এ পরিবর্তন	Example
Assertive (Statement)	He said, “I am tired.”	He said that he was tired.  that যোগ হয় Verb এর tense পরিবর্তিত হয় (Present → Past)	D: He said, “I like tea.” I: He said that he liked tea.
Interrogative (Question)	He said, “Are  You happy?”	He asked if  I was happy.  ask + if/whether ব্যবহার হয় Question form → Statement form হয়	D: He said, “What is your name?” I: He asked what my name was.
Imperative (Order/Request/Advice)	He said, “Open the door.”	He ordered me to open the door.  say → order / request /  advise / tell Verb → to + verb	D: He said, “Please help me.” I: He requested me to help him.
Imperative (with ‘Let’)	He said, “Let us go.”	He suggested that we should go. suggested / proposed  ব্যবহার হয়  should + verb হয়	D: He said, “Let him play.” I: He suggested that he should play.
Exclamatory	He said, “Alas! I am ruined.”	He exclaimed with  sorrow that he was ruined. Exclamation শব্দ (alas,  hurrah, oh) → exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder	D: He said, “Hurrah! We have won.” I: He exclaimed with joy that they had won.
Yes/No Questions	He said, “Do you like music?”	He asked me if / whether I  liked music.	D: She said, “Will you help me?” I: She asked me if Iwould help her.

সাধারণ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম (Tense, Person, Words)

পরিবর্তন	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Tense	Present → Past Past Indefinite → Past Perfect Future → Would	D: He said, “I am reading.” I: He said that he was reading.
Pronoun	I → He/She We → They You → I/We/They (Context অনুযায়ী)	D: He said, “I love you.” I: He said that he loved me.
Words of Time/Place	Now → Then Today → That day Tomorrow → The next day Yesterday → The previous day Here → There	D: He said, “I will go tomorrow.” I: He said that he would go the nex

 

Transformation of Sentences (Rules & Examples)

1. Affirmative to Nenative

Rule	Assertive	Interrogative
Affirmative → Negative Interrogative	He was very gentle.	Wasn’t he very gentle?
Negative → Affirmative Interrogative	He was not unkind to the poor.	Was he unkind to the poor?
Everybody/Everyone → Who (neg. interro.)	Everybody  likes flowers.	Who does not like flowers?
Nobody/No one → Who (interro.)	Nobody believed it.	Who believed it?
It is useless → What is the use?	It is useless to cry.	What is the use of crying?
There is no → Is there any?	There is no smoke without fire.	Is there any smoke without fire?
Assertive with always → Why not Interrogative	We should always speak the truth.	Why should we not always speak the truth?

 

3. Assertive ↔ Imperative

Rule	Assertive	Imperative
Duty/obligation	We should  respect our  parents.	Respect your parents.
Necessity	We must be  honest.	Be honest.
Prohibition (not allowed)	We should not  tell a lie.	Do not tell a lie.
Let (imperative) →  Assertive	Let us be kind  to the poor.	We should be kind to the poor.

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4. Assertive ↔ Optative

Rule	Assertive	Optative
Wish/Desire	I wish I could fly.	If I could fly!
Pray (assertive)	We wish that  you may live long.	May you live long.
Curse	I wish he  might die.	May he die!

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5. Assertive ↔ Exclamatory

Rule	Assertive	Exclamatory
Very + adj	He is very kind.	How kind he is!
So + adj + that	The rose is so beautiful that I cannot help admiring it.	What a beautiful rose it is!
Subject + aux + too + adj	It is too hot to go out.	How hot it is!
Subject + aux + a great + noun	He is a great fool.	What a fool he is!
Subject + aux + indeed	Life is very beautiful indeed.	How beautiful life is!

 

Rule	Assertive	Interrogative
Affirmative → Negative Interrogative	He was very gentle.	Wasn’t he very gentle?
Negative → Affirmative Interrogative	He was not unkind to the poor.	Was he unkind to the poor?
Everybody/Everyone → Who (neg. interro.)	Everybody  likes flowers.	Who does not like flowers?
Nobody/No one → Who (interro.)	Nobody believed it.	Who believed it?
It is useless → What is the use?	It is useless to cry.	What is the use of crying?
There is no → Is there any?	There is no smoke without fire.	Is there any smoke without fire?
Assertive with always → Why not Interrogative	We should always speak the truth.	Why should we not always speak the truth?

 

3. Assertive ↔ Imperative

Rule	Assertive	Imperative
Duty/obligation	We should  respect our  parents.	Respect your parents.
Necessity	We must be  honest.	Be honest.
Prohibition (not allowed)	We should not  tell a lie.	Do not tell a lie.
Let (imperative) → Assertive	Let us be kind  to the poor.	We should be kind to the poor.

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4. Assertive ↔ Optative

Rule	Assertive	Optative
Wish/Desire	I wish I could fly.	If I could fly!
Pray (assertive)	We wish that  you may live long.	May you live long.
Curse	I wish he  might die.	May he die!

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5. Assertive ↔ Exclamatory

Rule	Assertive	Exclamatory
Very + adj	He is very kind.	How kind he is!
So + adj + that	The rose is so beautiful that I cannot help admiring it.	What a beautiful rose it is!
Subject + aux + too + adj	It is too hot to go out.	How hot it is!
Subject + aux + a great + noun	He is a great fool.	What a fool he is!
Subject + aux + indeed	Life is very beautiful indeed.	How beautiful life is!

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