Chart of comparison of adjectives

 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

POSITIVE	COMPARATIVE	SUPERLATIVE
1.Sub+v+a/an+adj+noun/pronoun Example: He is an intelligent boy.	1.sub+v+adj(com)+than any other+noun(singular) Example: He is more intelligent than any other boy.	1.sub+v+the+adj(sup)+noun+ other word Example: He is the most intelligent boy.
2.No other +noun+v+as+adj+as+other word Example: No other boy is as brilliant as Sifat.	2.sub(2nd)v+adj(com)+than any other+noun+other word Example: Sifat is more brilliant than any other boy.	3.sub+v+one of the+adj(sup)+noun+other word Example: Sifat is the most brilliant boy.
3.very few + plural noun+v+as+adj+as+other word Example: Very few cities are as clean as Comilla.	Sub(2nd)+v+adj(com)+than most other Example: Comilla is cleaner than most other cities.	Sub+v+one of the+adj(sup)+plural noun Example: Comilla is one of the cleanest cities.
4.no other+singular noun+v+as+adj+as+noun Example: No other country is as charming as Bangladesh.	4.sub(2nd)+v+adj(com)+ Than all other+plural noun Example: Bangladesh is more charming than all other Countries.	4.sub+v+the+adj(sup)+all of+ plural noun Example: Bangladesh is the most charming of all countries.
5.sub+v+not+adj+as+adj+as+noun Example: You are not as wise as Shohag.	5.sub(2nd)+v+ adj(com)+than+sub(1st) Example: Shohag is wiser than you.	5. No superlative
6. as soon as----- Example: As soon as the bell rang, he entered the classroom.	No sooner had---than Example: No sooner had the bell rung than he entered the classroom.	6.No superlative
7.sub+v+as+adj+as+noun Example: Dhaka is as big as Comilla.	7.sub(2nd)+verb+not adj(com)+than+sub(1st) Example: Comilla is not bigger than Dhaka.	7. No superlative

CHANGING SENTENCE

 Chart of changing sentence

Affirmative to negative

Affirmative	Negative
If only /alone indicates a person Ex: Only Allah can help us.	None but Ex: None but Allah can help us.
If only indicate things. Ex: I have only a few books.	Nothing but I have nothing but a few books.
If only indicates the number Tammi was only twelve.	Not more than Tammi was not more than twelve.
Must I must help the poor.	Cannot but I cannot but help the poor.
Every + noun + verb--- Every mother loves her child.	There is no + noun + but+---- There is no mother but loves her child.
As soon as------, As soon as the bell rang, the teacher entered into the class.	No sooner had----than--- No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher entered the class.
Superlative degree She is the tallest girl in the class.	No other No other girl in the class is as tall as she is.
Than any other He is better than any other boy.	No other No other boy is as good as he.
Always He is always active.	Never He is never lazy.
Less---- than They are less poor than you said.	Not as---as They are not as poor as you said.
Simple affirmative sentence He is a good student.	Not +antonyom He is not a bad student.
Both---and He ate both mango and orange.	Not only ---but also He ate not only mango but also orange.

 

Chart of Narration

 Narration

Rules of changing narration

If the direct narration’s reporting verb is in the past form, then the indirect narration’s reported speech will change following these rules.

Direct narration	Indirect narration
Present indefinite tense[SUB+V1+OBJ] Example: He said to me, “I know you.”	Past indefinite tense[sub+v2+obj] Example: He told me that he knew me.
Present continuous tense[sub +am/is/are+v+ing+obj] Example: He said to me,” I am going to school”.	Past continuous tense [sub+was/were+v+ing+obj] Example: He told me that he was going to school.
Present perfect tense [sub+ have/has+v3+obj] Example: Mira said to me,” I have done the work.”	Past perfect tense[sub+had+v3+obj] Example: Mira told me that she (Mira) had done the work.
Present perfect continuous tense [sub+have been/has been+v1+ing+obj] Example: Robin said,” It has been raining for two hours.”	Past perfect continuous [sub+ had been+v3+obj] Example: Robin said that it had been raining for two hours.
Past indefinite tense[sub+v2+obj] Example: Mina said to me, “I went to Dhaka.”	Past perfect tense[sub+had+v3+obj] Example: Mina told me that she (M) had gone to Dhaka.
Past continuous tense[sub+was/were+v+ing+obj] Example: Sochi said,” I was playing football on the ground.”	Past perfect continuous tense[sub+had been+v3+obj] Example: Sochi said that she(s) had been playing football on the ground.
Past perfect tense[sub+had+v3+obj] Example: She said,” I had completed my lessons before I went to bed.”	Past perfect tense[sub+had+v3+obj] Example: She said that she had completed her lessons before she went to bed.
Past perfect continuous tense[sub+had been+v1+ing+for+obj] Example: He said,” I had been suffering from a fever for three days.”	Past perfect continuous tens [sub+had been+v1+ing+for+obj] Example: He said that he had been suffering from a fever for three days.
Future tense[shall/will/shall be/will be/shall have/will have] Example: She said,” I shall do the work.”	Future in the form of past tense[should/would/should be/would be------] Example: She said that she would do the work.

 

Transformation

 CHART OF TRANSFORMATION

	Simple	Complex	Compound
1	Verb+ ing A. Doing the work, he will help me. B. Having written the letter, I posted it.	When/since/as A. When he will do the work, he will help me. B. When I had written the letter, I posted it.	And/ And so A. He will do the work and help me. B. I had written the letter and posted it.
2	Being Being ill, I can’t do the work.	When/since/as Since I am ill, I can’t do the work.	And /and so I am ill and can’t do the work.
3	Because of +verb+ ing /noun Because of illness, I can’t help him.	Since/as/because Since I am ill, I can’t help him.	And/ and so I am ill and so I can’t help him.
4	To+v1/ infinitive We try hard to prosper in life.	So that We try hard so that we can prosper in life.	Want/ wanted+ and We want to prosper in life and we try hard.
5	In spite of/ despite +noun + verb + ing Despite being poor, he bought a computer.	Though/although Although he was poor, he bought a computer.	But He was poor but he bought a computer.
6	By + verb + ing / N .P By running fast, you can catch the bus.	If If you run fast, you can catch the bus.	Imperative + and Run fast and you can catch the bus.
7	Without + verb  +ing / N.P A. Without working hard, you can’t be a great man. B. Without doing so, you will die.	Unless /if not A. you can’t be a great man if you don't work hard. B. If you do not do it, you will die.	Imperative + or A. Work hard or you can’t be a great man. B. Do or die.
8	Noun/pronoun(me,you,us,him, Her, them)+verb+ing A. I saw Habib playing cricket. B. I saw him going to the field.	…..when +sub + verb Or, who + verb A. I saw Habib when he was playing cricket. B. I saw him when he was going to the field.	And A. I saw Habib and he was playing cricket. B. I saw him and he was going to the field.
9	Noun/ pronoun + verb + ing I found a bird sleeping on a tree.	…when +sub + verb Or, which +verb I found a bird when it was sleeping on a tree.	And I found a bird and it was sleeping on a tree.
10	Too….to+v1 Rifa is too weak to work hard.	So…. +that…… Rifa is so weak that she cannot work hard.	Very…..and/ so Rifa is very weak so she can’t work hard.
11	Sub+tobe+ very +adj +noun Rajib is a good boy.	….who/ which +verb + adjective Rajib is a boy who is good.	And Rajib is a boy and he is good.
12	If the adjective qualifies the subject A. Unity is strength. B. She is a beautiful girl. C. Health is wealth.	Sub+ verb+ noun+ relative pronoun+ tobe+ adjective A. It is unity which is strength. B. She is a girl who is beautiful. C. It is health which is wealth.	And A. It is unity and it is strength. B. She is a girl and she is beautiful. C. It is health and that is wealth.
13	In, on,at+time word A. Sadaf went to kuakata at eight. B. I was in Dhaka in 1971. C. He woke up at the time of rain.	When+subordinate clause. A.Sadaf went to kuakata when he was eight. B. When it was 1971, I was in Dhaka. C. When it was raining, I woke up.	And A.Sadaf was eight and he went to kuakata. B. It was 1971 and I was in Dhaka. C. He woke up, and it was raining.
14	Besides being Besides being punctual Mr. Rahim is sincere.	When When Mr. Rahim is punctual, he is sincere.	Not only ------but also Mr. Rahim is not only punctual but also sincere.